Introduction: In this article from the International Center for Height Increase in Iran, we address the dislocation of the radial head in the elbow joint.
Definition and Causes of Radial Head Dislocation
In any dislocation of the elbow joint, both the ulna (lower arm bone) and the radius (upper arm bone) lose their connection with the humerus (upper arm bone) and get displaced. Sometimes this displacement occurs only in the joint between the radius and the humerus. Normally, the head of the radius articulates with the lateral condyle of the humerus, and the dislocation of the radial head occurs when the head of the radius is displaced forward and loses its connection with the lateral condyle of the humerus.
Mechanism of Dislocation and Treatment
This dislocation is usually caused by severe pronation of the forearm. Treatment is carried out by supination of the forearm. True dislocation of the radial head is rare and, in most cases seen in radiography, the patient either has congenital dislocation of the radial head or a dislocation associated with a fracture of the ulna.
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Examination and Diagnosis
In any dislocation of the radial head, the entire length of the ulna should be examined through physical examination and radiography to find fractures. This dislocation may be part of a Monteggia fracture-dislocation.
Difference Between Congenital Dislocation and Trauma-Induced Dislocation
Congenital dislocation of the radial head is usually bilateral and occurs in both elbows. In this case, the upper part of the radial head is convex and dome-shaped.
Treatment Methods for Dislocation of the Radial Head
Treatment of radial head dislocation is usually carried out by closed reduction. The orthopedic doctor repositions the dislocation by rotating the forearm outward and applying pressure on the head of the radius.
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